Does PNG rank highly for Internet porn searches?

In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the Post-Courier featured a front-page story with the headline “PNG tops world in ‘porn’ search” on 17 January. In previous years, there have also been similar stories asserting that PNG beats all other countries when it comes to Internet searches for pornography. For any nation, this accolade would be unwelcome. As PNG prides itself on being a Christian country with strong traditional cultures and values, coupled with tough laws banning importation of pornographic magazines and movies, the headline has produced consternation.

The ruling political party in PNG has released a statement and the competing newspaper has also published a response. Both reactions argue that the Post-Courier’s front page story is inaccurate. The front-page article included the assertion that 100% of all Internet searches in Western Highlands Province are for the term ‘porn’. Clearly, not every Internet search in that province includes this term. So, what is going on? This blog post will examine the source of the newspaper story and assess its credibility. It will also discuss Internet access trends in PNG.

The source of the media reports is Google Trends. This is an interactive website run by Google, probably the world’s most popular Internet search engine, which presents information about the searches that are conducted through Google. For instance, a user can type in the word ‘car’ and see information about how popular the search term is over time and also where it is popular, comparing regions, countries and cities.

At first glance, the site appears to suggest that 100% of all searches conducted using Google in the United Kingdom feature the word ‘car’. But this is not possible. There’s no way that all of the people in Wales, Scotland and other parts of the United Kingdom only ever use Google when they want to find out information about different kinds of motor vehicles. Instead, the way it works is that the figures represent rankings, not percentages. The Post-Courier’s story was misleading in that it included percentage symbols alongside bar graphs. As Google Trends explains, “100 is the location with the most popularity as a fraction of total searches in that location”. In other words, the United Kingdom had more searches during the time period for the word ‘car’ compared to other countries, as a percentage of the total number of searches, which would also have included many other words, including ‘weather’, ‘news’, ‘school’, ‘restaurant’, ‘bank’ and more.

Another example is the term ‘Highlands’. When inserted into Google Trends, bar graphs appear showing 75 for PNG. Again, this does not mean that 75% of the Google searches conducted by people in PNG are for this word. Instead, it means that compared to other countries – where, for example, the term ‘mountains’ might be more commonly used – the term ‘Highlands’ is searched for fairly frequently in PNG.

Now, turning to the term ‘porn’, when looking at trends over the past five years, PNG is not listed in the top 25 countries. In fact, when the author visited the Google Trends website shortly after the Post-Courier story was published, it proved difficult to replicate the Post-Courier’s results. The author changed the time period to the past 12 months and the results revealed that once again PNG did not feature in the top 25 nations. The author generated similar results for other time periods, as is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Country rankings: Google Trends enquiries on 26 January 2017 using the term ‘porn’

Table 1: Country rankings: Google Trends enquiries on 26 January 2017 using the term 'porn'

It’s important to note that the Post-Courier’s findings were not easy to duplicate and that in fact PNG does not feature in the top 25 listing for most time periods. Google Trends results are constantly being updated in real time and therefore it is very difficult to check or verify the Post-Courier’s story. In addition, the tool only presents the top 25 countries – therefore it is not possible to determine a country’s actual ranking if it does not appear in the top 25.

It’s also helpful to point out that the size of a country’s population does not impact upon the ranking, as the ranking refers to the frequency of use of a word, for instance ‘porn’, as compared to all other words inserted into Google in that place, including ‘school’, ‘highway’, ‘buai’, ‘election’, ‘Highlands’, ‘Australia’, etc. In other words, the word ‘Highlands’ is used in PNG more often as a percentage of all searches, compared to the word ‘mountains’. It’s also worth noting that some users may have blocked their location, meaning that Google cannot tell where they are based, and this would of course make any data regarding locations of searches somewhat inaccurate.

Western Highlanders might also be curious to know how their province rates. While the Post-Courier showed a graph suggesting that the Western Highlands is the province with the most searches for the term ‘porn’ versus other words used, compared to other provinces of PNG, the results are inconsistent. As is shown in Table 2, Western Highlands Province (WHP) moves around the rankings a great deal, depending on the time period in question. For instance, in the past 7 days, WHP didn’t feature at all in the top ten provinces, whereas it’s in the top position when looking at the last 5 years. When focusing on other provinces, their positions also move around a great deal. In short, the author feels that the rankings vary so much when comparing provinces in PNG as to be meaningless.

Table 2: Western Highlands Province (WHP): Google Trends enquiries on 26 January 2017 using the term ‘porn’

Table 2: Western Highlands Province: Google Trends enquiries on 26 January 2017 using the term 'porn'

Note: Google Trends results are only showing for the first four provinces in the ‘past 30 days’ time period, for the first eight provinces in the ‘past 4 hours’ category and for the first five provinces in the ‘past hour’ time period.

In the last couple of years there has been a significant improvement in the accessibility of the Internet in PNG, due to mobile network upgrades and expansions, as well as availability of cheap smartphone handsets. While most people in PNG still do not have access to electricity, many do now live within mobile network coverage. The majority of this coverage is second generation (2G) which is suitable only for voice calls and text messaging. But around urban centres, both Digicel and bmobile Vodafone now offer third generation (3G) service, which can be used to surf the Internet, correspond through email and use social media platforms such as Facebook and WhatsApp. In Port Moresby and Lae, Digicel offers 4G service. Telikom PNG is in the process of launching a new, digital mobile phone service which will aim to compete with the other players. All these changes have meant that a growing number of people in PNG are accessing the Internet for the first time. In particular, the number of Facebook users based in PNG continues to rise. Interest in and use of Facebook is fuelled by mobile phone companies offering special promotions through which Facebook use is either free or very cheap. Nonetheless, many people in PNG still use basic handsets and rarely access the Internet, if ever.

In short, this context means that many of the Internet users in PNG have only had Internet access for a year or two. As people in PNG are amongst the latest in the world to gain access to the Internet, they may be unaware of the range of activities or kinds of searches that they could undertake through this medium. Publication of alarmist, misleading reports suggesting that online porn consumption is sky-high in PNG is not going to help to strengthen understanding about the medium or how to use it.

Having examined the recent Post-Courier article and the Google Trends website, it’s now clear that the Post-Courier article was incorrect and that PNG does not necessarily rank highly for Internet porn searches. The assertion in the newspaper’s sub-heading that “almost all Papua New Guineans look up the word ‘porn’” is not supported by the evidence. It also seems plain that any comparison of provinces within PNG is unhelpful. Even if patterns could be determined in the Google Trends material, given limited Internet access and use by most people across PNG, it would be unwise to draw conclusions regarding how provinces compare to one another. Further research will be required to unpack whether Google Trends does convey some useful data. Academic research would also be valuable in order to learn about the Internet use of groups of people in PNG.

Amanda H A Watson is a Lecturer in Public Policy at UPNG, based in Port Moresby under the UPNG-ANU partnership. She is also a Visiting Fellow with the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Program at ANU.

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Amanda H A Watson

Amanda H A Watson is a research fellow with the Department of Pacific Affairs, Australian National University. She taught at the University of Papua New Guinea’s School of Business and Public Policy under the ANU-UPNG Partnership. Dr Watson has also taught at Divine Word University, Macquarie University, Queensland University of Technology and TAFE NSW.

13 Comments

  • Hi Amanda
    Thanks for pointing out the facts from a well researched article.PC has totally put to shame PNG as a country with its misleading poorly researched dangerous information.
    But,PC did hit a point ,the trend of Phornography in PNG is really growing,even the 75% of the illitrate rural population are viewing Phorn through Cheaply sold Asians Phones via bluetoth and other sharing device.
    Thamks

  • Thank you Amanda for doing the google search to prove that the shameful information reported by PC on its front page was inaccurate. Thank you again, you are a true ambassador of providing a positive image of my beautiful country Papua New Guinea.

  • Thank you to the nine people who took the trouble to write comments on my blog post. I feel proud that my research has helped to alleviate the shame that so many people in Papua New Guinea have been feeling since the publication of the front-page story.

    Henry and Stanley, thank you for suggesting that the Post-Courier might consider re-publishing my blog post. After you suggested this, I did contact them to pass on your idea, but I am not aware of them having re-published my analysis.

    The post has also been passed on to The National, the other daily newspaper in PNG, but again I am not aware of them having re-published it.

    Amanda. 🙂

    • I see that Mobile is a channel nau were olgeta entertainment flows in n out.

      It is really ubiquitous n scarry n addictive.

      Is mobile a private gadget, with regulations from gov.

      ….but the way ahead really lies in how much money MNOs make, Banks, users, There are tons of things we don’t do rite yet in PNG.

      Taim nupela rot I hop, olgeta man like train without knowing the bends, potholes that will be left unattended, na planting moa yet.

      Pipol mid to know how to make money using a mobile phone, rather than waste time watching movies, play games, etc.

      ….but again, it is a private gadget. So better MNOs stop all phones from accessing “PORN Sites”.

      It is that isi but again MNOs love the revenue from Data Usage coz video n song download is cool money than text, or image in jpeg format.

      This ecosystem bids to be analysed b made public so we see which court the ball is in most times.

      How about that.

      Regards,

      Alf
      SMIP

  • Post Courier (PC) will have to apologize to PNG about this misleading and inaccurate article. When I saw the headline on 17 January, I didn’t buy the paper. Because that’s what PC wanted us to do – buy the paper for extra revenue. And I suspect, PC increased the number of prints for that day compared to other days. Interestingly, the topic of ‘porn’ sold big that day, and it would be interesting to know the total revenue generated that day.
    I also agree with Issac’s comments above. The data rate is very expensive, data access via 2G/3G in the highlands and many parts of this country even in the capital city like Port Moresby is very slow and unreliable at times. This makes it very hard to watch videos or download images online. Now, I am curious to know if people who type the word ‘porn’ actually have the patience to wait to download or watch online. Also, I’d like to know if Google Trend actually could give us data on porn (videos/images) DOWNLOADS, WATCHED, etc. so we can work on some real facts and figures. Maybe, some people type the word ‘porn’ and seeing that the results are taking time to load, they turn off or quit and switch to social media or other searches.
    Well, all PC did was to sell big at the expense of our good country. We need an apology!
    Thanks Amanda. PC should also publish your well-researched article.
    Even though you are Australian, you are a true Papua New Guinean!

    Cheers
    Stanley

  • Thanks Amanda,
    Post-Courier owes a public apology to PNG for sensationalizing unsubstantiated materials by Google Trends to brand us ‘porn searchers’. The least they could do is run your article (with your/ANU’s permission) in the paper.
    Cheers!

  • Thank you Amanda for the nice analysis of the article and the issue discussed.
    I posted on Facebook branding the publication as media stunt to sell the paper without in-depth consideration to facts and knowledge on the subject by the journalist responsible and the editor.

    Such reporting continues to trashed the standard of Journalism in Papua New Guinea and the media fraternity and its role in development

  • Hi Amanda,
    I totally agree with your article, well researched and presented.
    Post Courier article was misleading, inaccurate and lacks proper researched skills.

    Thank you very much for making it clear in your Article.

  • Thanks Amanda…. It was a clearcut poor journalism! And how it made it past the editor was anyone’s guess! Tehy need re-educating or report to general secriterial duties!

  • Thanks Amanda for these insights, although I know forthright that the PC article lacks substantiation, the great majority of pnguinean who don’t do extra research panicked too much.

    We could also say poor journalism skills & lack of investigative skills. The editor could be equally blamed as the primary author.

  • I totally agree with the findings and the conclusion made saying that post courier is wrong and that is very true. The other fact that needs consideration is, if NICTA is saying that PNG has the lowest internet penetration or access rate in the pacific (even lower than some of the smaller pacific island countries), how comes PNG is rank highly for internet PON searches? As has been rightly alluded to by Amanda, our population is about 7.8 million and 70 – 80 percent of these people live in rural or very isolated arrears meaning that most of them don’t have access to internet or if they do have access through mobile phones, many are illiterate on internet. When comparing our population to many nations around the world, our population is nothing and how comes we can be accused of such when all other information available on the internet and points discussed above go against the allegation made? I totally don’t agree with the post courier report and it’s good that you (Amanda) have raised some valid points as well..

  • Thankyou Amanda for pointing out the basic facts when reporting . As an academic , the use of data and its source is very vital for research and reporting. Cleaning the data and verifying before reporting is very important . In this case , as you stated , data used by Post Courier is raw and misleading . This is not the first case Post Courier has misreported news through its misguided data – it has done it several times and Papua New Guinea is already aware of it. Your article confirms the careless behavior the media company has been doing.

    Thankyou once again.
    Nelson Atip Nema ( Economics Lecturer – UPNG)

  • Hi Amanda,
    I think your article was well researched, well written and interesting. Thanks for pointing out the inaccurate and misleading conclusions made in the Post Courier. I am glad to know that PNG is not full of porn-mad people after all, although some people in PNG may be perversely proud of such a ranking by Post Courier, however inaccurate it may be.
    Congratulations!

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