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I can shed some light on Aid trucks...some were hijacked by armed groups and contents of trucks " liberated" to " freedom fighters" and " black market" for people to buy. Also explain why bordering countries are complicit in not opening their borders to refugees... and yes im waiting for the denial Army to scream" prove it"...

Thank you Annabelle -

Thank you. The world should callout Israeli government can go as low as murdering innocent women and children. Australia should cut all ties with this genocite government.

I hope this article gets the exposure it deserves. Thank you.

I hope this article gets into the general media.

I am pleased to announce that there are 50 plus students from Papua New Guinea now studying in India at Sharda University but we really need help from the Papua New Guinea 🇵🇬 government.

There is something quite sick within our society when a group of individuals elected to lead this country will not openly denounce Israel for years of human rights violations for fear of being labelled antisemitic. Failing to call out Israel's war crimes means we can no longer condemn both past war crimes nor future war crimes by any country. This is not the world I want to live in. We need to take action now.

Completely agree. Thank you Annabel. It is simply disgusting what is going on.

Thank you Annabel.

Thank you Annabel. Well said.

Thanks David. I'm sure Aderito and Gobie can respond more fully on the infrastructure points. Characterising foreign interests was a challenge - because of course only some of those interests are overtly stated, others inferred, and still others much more hidden. In the paper we select the foreign powers we look at based on who are the largest funders in each sector and then discuss their motivations and interests for working in a given sector. It's hard not to fall into caricature in doing that at some points, and also to separate out the official interests of states vs the interests of individuals and companies that are often seen to be associated with particular states. On the multilateral institutions, while I agree they are not quite one and the same with other foreign actors, they are certainly not local and still operate with their own distinct motivations and interests. I don't think any single aid recipient country feels terribly empowered in shaping such institutions' interests, even if they are nominally members.

It seems that little has changed in the 70 years: it is just the names of the players change. The multilateral institutions are less able to put it over large countries such as India or Indonesia but smaller states such as Timor Leste and Pacific states have little opportunity to shape what’s on offer. Invariably on a take it or leave it basis, not unlike many bilateral donors.