“Local, but good.” I heard this phrase used in reference to me once, and it really took me aback. While I was delighted to be considered “good”, I was concerned by this worrying phrase which suggested that most locals are not considered to be “good”.
I am Indonesian, and I was the Team Leader of KOMPAK – one of the largest development programs supported by Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) in Indonesia – for four and a half years. Together with a 150+ strong team, KOMPAK delivered pilots, technical assistance, and analytics to improve basic services and economic opportunities across 24 districts and seven provinces in Indonesia.
The phrase “local, but good” highlights a perception in the international development industry that most national staff (or locals) are not qualified to take up leadership positions for donor-funded initiatives in Indonesia.
I beg to differ. I disagree with the perception that locals lack competency. There are plenty of highly capable Indonesians. And I would suggest that there are more disincentives than incentives for locals when considering leadership positions in donor-funded programs. The incentives are obvious, such as the prestige, salary and benefits, and resources to contribute to the country’s development. For me, being the Team Leader of KOMPAK was a strategic opportunity to move the needle on issues that I deeply care about.
The disincentives are less talked about. Much of a team leader’s role is about servicing the client and stakeholder management, which can be tedious and gruelling. In some ways, the team leader must deal with the tough stuff, while the team gets to do the fun stuff. Many respected colleagues here in Jakarta say that they prefer technical roles, such as design and delivery of activities.
Locals willing to pursue leadership positions come up against institutional norms. For DFAT-funded programs, there is no written rule that team leader positions must be international or local. However, I have learned from experience that there is an assumption – almost an expectation – that team leader positions are meant for internationals. Perhaps this comes from seeing that local staff in the donor organisation itself face a glass ceiling. In the last decade, I know of only four Indonesians (I am one) leading DFAT-funded programs. As I write there is only one Indonesian team leader in situ. This assumption – that donor programs are to be led by internationals – needs more testing.
Meanwhile, the United Nations (UN) assigns roles into international and national categories, and all UN agencies in Indonesia are headed by international staff. As far as I am aware, very few Indonesians hold senior management positions in the UN. I spent the first decade of my career in UNICEF Indonesia, but eventually hit the glass ceiling for national staff. USAID does have a handful of local staff leading portfolios within USAID itself and projects on the contractor side. The World Bank country office has some Indonesians as task team leaders, but none in senior management.
English language competency and writing skills are sometimes raised as concerns when it comes to appointing local team leaders. I would like to think that the ability to engage in the political economy of reforms is more important than the ability to communicate and write a report in English. There are simple resourcing solutions to address the latter.
Perhaps there are questions of neutrality, independence, and ability to understand the client when considering locals for leadership positions. On the one hand, having local staff is deemed critical, because locals have the insights and networks to instigate reforms. On the other hand, this may be perceived as a risk, because strong networks could also hinder a team leader’s ability to act in the best interests of the program or the donor. Or perhaps the team leader may have stronger relations with the partner government than does the donor.
In my experience as KOMPAK Team Leader, however, networks were an advantage rather than a hindrance to neutrality. The key was to listen and build trusting relationships with all stakeholders. Having the trust of both the donor and the partner government enabled me to facilitate bilateral relations through the program. Stakeholder trust has to be earned, regardless of whether you’re a local or international.
Because of their extensive experience and networks in relevant regions, having local staff in management positions in KOMPAK was instrumental to the program’s ability to influence policy and reform processes.
Reflecting on my own experience, I believe that having locals as team leaders – especially here in Indonesia – strengthens the local partner government ownership of the program. It frames the program as our solution to our problem, not an external response to a development problem. It helps to shift power and authority to local actors and institutions.
Being the Team Leader of KOMPAK was indeed the toughest but also the most rewarding challenge that I have ever experienced. Getting the job in the first place was tough, but what helped me tremendously was Abt Associates’ approach of “hire for potential” and their commitment to professional growth and development. I did not have decades of leadership experience and international exposure, but Abt (and DFAT) saw the leadership potential in me. They hired me for that potential and then supported me 100% and invested in developing my capabilities as I carried out my role. More development organisations need to replicate this approach – and invest in locals. It is a meaningful investment in the capacity and future of the host country.
So yes, I am local, and I am good. Yes, an Indonesian woman can lead a large, complex bilateral program successfully. And yes, I know other Indonesians out there who also have what it takes.
Let’s change our language to “local IS good” and empower local leadership at every level of international development.
“Local, but good.” what an awful phrase. And what a well-written blog!
Really convincing argument about presumably more neutral internationals vs better networked locals too. Another incentive for local staff to deliver better results is that they can’t just “game the system” and leave the country, which is an option for internationals.
Local IS good… love it.
This issue has a nasty side effect… it sets qualified local staff up for a path to lower earnings for the rest of their lives… regardless of how competent they are.
Every organization I know asks for salary history before giving an offer… regardless of what the job is. Results in huge inequity.
A minor change in hiring for what the job requires and offering remuneration based on what the job requires can go a long way in solving this inequity.
I established a small NGO delivering micro credit to Indonesians who were unable to obtain funding for small business establishment. We partner and fund local NGOs to deliver and manage loans to borrowers. We have operated in several regions with mixed success and now fund exclusively an NGO in Jogyakarta run by an innovative and energetic local woman (retired engineer) who quite exceptionally delivers excellent service to her clients and us (as funder). There is no doubt that no non-local could perform the role in any way as well as she does.
I totally endorse the opinions cited by Anna in her article, as I have seen it work in practice.
can’t agree more Mbak Anna…. thank for pointing this out…
Mbk anna ini setuju bgt, harus disebar luaskan. Terus menulis untuk hal-hal yang hidden gini mbk. Semangat
Awesome piece, Anna! I FULLY support your thinking. Local is good!
Huge congratulations on your new roles as well.
Many thanks, Joy! We’re in this together.
Tremendous blog from Anna. On the mark.
I have worked in PNG, a place replete with talent if you care to look.
Anna’s observations that locals are best placed to negotiate the political economy, embed an intervention as a local solution to a local problem and strengthen partner government ownership of the outcomes is on the money.
I shudder to think of the times I have sat in a meeting with local partners who quite correctly levelled the accusation that while the development agency loved to talk partnerships, it didn’t know what a true partnership was.
Thank you, Anna for your pertinent advice.
Thank you, Stephen. Your insights on PNG are much appreciated. Hope to learn more about the context there.
Thanks for the great blog. I agree that we need to change our language, which can help in the process of changing our thinking and the stereotypes and bias behind our language.
Perhaps we need to get to the point where the more common refrain heard is: “expatriate, but good, they listen” …?
Totally agree with you, Juliet! I have worked with many expatriates who are good, great and listen.