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Any latest update on the PEV .. New zealand opening theirs on the 1st of August

Terence, Let me invite you to reading an article by Alfred Kaiabe, a former Member of Parliament, which came out on The National newspaper of Friday, July 28, 2023. It was entitled 'Time to revisit Melanesian rule by consensus". Thank you.

We are working in the field of anticorruption in context to development and governance. We look forward to the support and association from the world over.

Thank you for this commentary and the book. I was very happy and inspired to read this. Hopefully there will continue to be similar critical academic perspectives and field-based qualitative research on the Pacific labor mobility schemes, especially taking into account the 'anecdotes' and first-hand lived experiences of the migrants.

i maua akia just want to say on behalf of my land toru Koai koai that i have a social mapping for my land of Papua LNG

A long term peacebuilding strategy that is mostly overseen is a legal ban of child corporal punishment. According to peace researcher Franz Jedlicka there is a linkage between a widely accepted violence in the families and wars. That is also true regarding violence against women (Valeria Hudson et.al: Sex and World Peace). In PNG corporal punishment of children is still allowed. Renate

Thanks Dr. for our digest. The law is home grown and is very necessary to make people responsible when they have the fiduciary duties to serve the people. Issues that become public concern and is affecting the welfare of the people but cannot be addressed when the people do not have the power as forbids by law is resolved through this avenue. Courts and Ombudsman Commission salvaged on behalf of the people is relieving. It will disallow public protest when the government is neglecting its duties and responsibilities.

Anticorruption funds for south Asian developing countries like Nepal is urgently essential. How is this perceived to control corruption where more than 25% people are below poverty line. What are your views and support?

I really support the RAMSI with their hard work to bring back peace in nation Solomon Islands,but the problem in Solomon Islands is all about our politicians they need to leading people's of this nation in a way that people's doing their own things and stopping the corruptions politics, there nation of Solomon Islands will have a ever lasting peace indeed,and the leaders of this nation need to understand to the increase of human population in this nations Solomon Islands, to me I really supporting RAMSI in Solomon Islands. Thank you

Thanks Michael, From my observation in Morobe Province, coffee and cocoa are not going to catch up with palm oil in the foreseeable future. Massive hectares of cocoa and copra plantation land owned by Markham Farming Company Limited is now being bought by NBPOL. NBPOL replaced almost all the cocoa and copra with palm oil and they are even extending their palm oil plantation. This palm oil plantation has advantage of being in peaceful part of the country during the elections and also people are being contracted and employed to work in the plantation. Though there are recent may be one off aggressions like burning of ballot papers in Morobe during election. But its far from plantation area. Palm Oil plantations also has the advantage of being close to towns and cities with good government services which could attract more labours from rural areas who are mostly coffee farmers to migrate to and work in the palm oil plantations. I head similar stories of labour shifts with palm oil plantation in Ramu Valley, Madang Province. The conversion of huge cocoa planation into palm oil plantation between Markham Farming Company Limited and NBPOL could partly explain the nose dive experiences of cocoa exports from 26 800 tonnes in 2020 to merely 37 tonnes in 2021 as shown in the Devpol PNG economic database.

Thanks for your comment, Paul. I had a quick look at Rod's paper and saw that though the sign of election variable is negative, its impact is not statistically significant-similar to ours. Using election festivities and election violence as Instrumental Variables could possibly help capture the impact of elections on coffee exports. But consistent time series data on specific election festivities and election violence for PNG to my novice experience is non existent.

Coffee and cocoa were important non-minerals exports in the early years after independence. But as the Development Policy Centre’s PNG economic database shows, they are now been replaced by palm oil, logging and fisheries (tuna). It remains to be seen if coffee will be competitive against palm oil especially. Otherwise market will reallocate resources and labour to more productive sectors.