Comments

Ariel and Mel, The points you have raised are exemplary in how we might look to use the power of people to move not only individuals but also communities. By drilling down to the attribute level we are able to show a farmer not only what other farmers are doing but farmers most like them based on geography, stock or crop focus, water allocation, etc. It is at this level that we are most influenced because we can see what others just like me are doing in this circumstance or have done before as the evidence does not need to be firsthand. Mel's reference to Dr Robert Cialdini is absolutely on the mark. If readers are looking to see how they can harness the power of scientifically proven, ethical influence you cannot go past the work of Cialdini. With his book Influence selling near on 3 million copies worldwide the practical approach to the science is able to be applied from all aspects of aid, diplomacy and daily community interactions, intervention and development. While most people know what works, they often struggle to know why it works. This is okay if what works always does, but when it doesn't, Cialdini's principles and frameworks (accessible to everyone through his book and Principles of Persuasion Workshop - taught all over the world) provide a very strong basis for us to better plan, execute and review our influence endeavours. Great piece. Thanks for sharing. Anthony

Hi Mel Thanks for this response and for giving me the opportunity to clarify my response - I am completely in agreement with you on the range of contributions that managing contractors can make and have been encouraged to see and hear of more and more activities of the type that you envisage. I think there are more opportunities to connect development professionals from numerous sectors and promote as much sharing of ideas and knowledge as possible to support development and I would like to see managing contractors doing more of stepping up, being made welcome and even facilitating activities of this type of their own. Tess

Dear Stephen, your have come up with a critical and facinating views which I am highly impresssed with. I see you views as evident based, reflecting on your level of expertise and involvement in various capacities in relation to PNGSDP's task.Educated PNGean's should be wary of the critical facts and unforeseable effects surrouning the governenment's decisions in taking full ownership of OK Tedi Mining Limited. Drawing up amendment on legislation by Lawyers for hefty payment is becoming a norm these days and on other hand MPs are so foolish without make a critical assesments before passing it on the floor of parliament. Thank you Win.Nicholas Student Crawford Shool of Economics and Governance. ANU

Thanks Tess Yes I agree that managing contractors, the private sector in general, and each of us does not have all the answers - together we may just get there! One thing I do want to respond to relates to the the potential inference that readers could take from your statement linking managing contractors to the tendering alone for that is only one part of managing contractors' DNA. Managing contractors certainly require tendering competence, but it would remain a shame if managing contractors and other private sector actors are not drawn on more purposefully outside the bounds of procurement rules, for they have so much to offer beyond just preparing quality tender responses. I know from the members of the IDC that all see themselves as true development professionals - small and large organisations alike - because they are development professionals - the rest is a governance construct. They all possess the desire and commitment to continue to support good development, by being drawn on for ideas etc is irrespective of any competitive tendering process. In fairness and to remain balanced in view, it is also up to us, the private sector, to stand up and be heard and show this commitment in action as well as words. M

I read this article with much interest. Your 7 suggestions are absolutely on the money. The Pacific consist of small island economies with many limitations. Remittances continue to be a large part of these economies and promoting the SWP can only be a good thing by the Coalition. Thank you for this, there are not many articles you read on improving Australian policies to assist Pacific islands countries.

Great article. I just returned from PNG last week and was shocked to see how many people were logged into Facebook and other Social Media sights. Just wondering if there has been any development in the research of this project? Also, I work for a youth training organisation that would is equipped to do education and training on Facebook I'm curious if you know others wanting to do the same in PNG? Thanks.

Thanks Jack and Sinclair - a great post. What has gone before is always highly relevant in what exists now, and what comes next. As you point out, it is a long-standing tussle. I wanted to add it is not one confined to Australia. Many donor governments have chopped and changed their aid programme structure. Owen Barder gives a great history of UK's aid programme in his 'Reforming Development Assistance: Lessons from the UK Experience', showing a remarkable degree of structural change over a period of decades, up until the relative stability today with DfiD. The Netherlands also restructured their aid programme repetitively for a period of time. One other point. I think the concept of 'national interest could be defined more precisely. Sometimes the concept is used to mean that a donor country's national interest equates entirely with its self-focused, shorter-term economic or geopolitical interest. This seems to be the approach you take (please correct me if I am wrong). Yet there is also another way of looking at national interest: it is in every state's 'national interests' to ensure that their state is part of a healthy, safe and prosperous world. Development-focused aid and some diplomacy is consistent with this definition. Consecutive Australian governments may well have defined national interest in the more self-focused terms (I'd be interested to know if this is the case) but that is not the only way it is defined. Also, in reality, the different definitions of national interest exist along a continuum, and states' foreign policy speaks to points along this continuum at different times. I think it is important to be precise so that it is clear what specific interests are being referred to when the concept 'national interest' is used, particularly when different policies are enacted in the name of this concept.

Thanks for this post Mel, I think it raises some significant points. There definitely needs to be a means to harness the experience and thinking of managing contractors and the consultants they place within aid projects at the concept and design stages. They do not necessarily have all the answers and indeed they may not have any of the answers but they may have some pertinent questions that can add value at many stages before tenders are released or TORs are advertised. I have lost count of the number of consultancy assignments I have looked at and then tossed aside because they fall into the category of "well I wouldn't be starting from here" and the thought of trying to impress upon anyone (including, but not limited to, managing contractors) why they should be changed in order to improve the quality or effectiveness of the exercise is just too tiring to contemplate. But, ranting aside, I think we need to recognise that we are all involved in these activities because we care about what we do and we care about doing it well. There are some opportunities for those of us who are interested in thinking and innovating in whatever sector to come together to contest ideas rather than compete for work, but there could be more and let's hope that there are.

All major aid donors have their own specialised aid agencies, staffed with development assistance professionals designing, implementing and assessing their assistance programs. Even the relatively small aid donor countries in Scandinavia. If the idea to reintegrate AusAID into DFAT comes from New Zealand (where it seems that decision is still being contested), it needs to be remembered that New Zealand is not a major aid donor, and there are many aid situations where New Zealand has no program and not even a presence. So what is good enough for New Zealand is certainly not good enough for Australia! Importantly, these aid agencies everywhere act as an advocate and resource base for international development assistance. One of the less well-known aspects of AusAID’s role in Australian Government administration is to be the repository of professional expertise and domestic advocacy about development assistance. This role has become more important, inevitably but not necessarily deliberately, since the UN's Millennium Summit and the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. As a corollary of this, AusAID also had responsibility for representing the Australian Government on aid matters internationally: in an increasing number of international conferences, in consultations with other donor countries, and at various international agencies overseeing development assistance. While AusAID staff currently assigned to the management boards of the World Bank in Washington, the Asian Development Bank in Manila, the OECD's Development Assistance Committee in Paris and the UN in New York may remain in place, their effectiveness will gradually be reduced, and Australia’s voice weakened over time as Australian development assistance expertise declines. Over the years, AusAID has earned considerable respect and recognition as an active and worthy contributor to conversations about international aid. In 1999, I witnessed its warm reception into dialogues with the aid bureaucracy of Japan, which has long been a major aid donor in the Asia-Pacific region. Recently, in Myanmar - where the challenge for all donors has been to capitalise on political openings to increase aid flows quickly - AusAID has acted as a partner with the British aid agency, the Department for International Development (DfID), to lead sectoral multi-donor initiatives. These are just the sort of 'global partnerships' called for in the Labor Government’s 2011 Independent Review of Aid Effectiveness. But it is highly unlikely that AusAID would be able to continue such activities once it is ‘integrated' into DFAT. One of the losers if this occurred would be the Australian nation.

Interesting findings - can you give us access to the report as it doesn't seem available on the Boston University website that you referred to previously?

Ariel This is a very interesting read so thanks for sharing. What I find most interesting is that this seems very much about the role of influence and persuasion and maybe social networks are just part of a delivery/dissemination solution. Your closing comment that by “working with farmers typical of each community (rather than those we may typically think would be influential)” you can get greater gains, is particularly interesting when considering the science of persuasion and influence – to whom we must credit Professor Robert Cialdini of Arizona State University. There are a number of dimensions to positive influence, and two in particular are of relevance to your example: seeing in others ourselves (the typical farmer in this example); and, seeing what others are doing (community in your example). I am sure these two elements played a great role in this success. Similarly, the gift of information (even if incentivised), and the importance of being an authority in the subject matter I am sure also contributed - as they are another two core dimensions of influence. There is no doubt in my mind that well considered, ethical and positive influence is one of, if not the most, powerful tool of development. Thanks again for taking the time to share this experience. M

Hi Kiki, A significant portion of Australian Aid goes through partner systems (e.g. directly to the Government of the partner country to manage). In line with a policy move away from tied aid - contracts for managing aid are also tendered internationally. While locally owned initiatives are crucial - there are a myriad examples of locally-owned initiatives that are ineffective, corrupt, distorted by politics etc. Development is complex - and no one solution is going to make a difference.