Comments

Very interesting, inspirational story that really motivates me. However, my eyes full of tears and broke my heart. My brother, you're the strongest.

Keep me in your list please.

Thanks Jetta.

Hi Dr. Main, Great article. Always read your articles with great interest. Sergeant Alice Arigo is one of the role model for women in Hela province. A tough woman. Great to read about her here.

Oh, Colin. I went searching for you as I hadn't heard from you in so long. Heartbroken and so sad to hear this. RIP, you beautiful human xxx

Thanks Steve. Succinct and factual. From where I sit I conclude that the 2020 lock downs, the war on terrorism starting on Sept 11th 2002 and frequent natural disasters have compounded to make "survival" the imperative. Restrictions of fund flows is killing Private Sector Investment. Travel restrictions from COVID19 prohibited return of Seasonal Workers thereby challenging families and communities. Disruptions caused by frequent cyclones,volcanoes, quakes and waves challenge livelihood. The next big challenge is the nuclear issue of Fukushima heavy water release and threat if nuclear annihilation. Only through prayer can we smile and be at peace.

I'm interested and register the carbon trade in highland region.

When will the ballot be drawn?

Thanks Andrew Always good to be reminded of the value of our foreign aid and knowing the basis of what works through Treasury's Australian Centre for Evaluation. The effectiveness of Australia's aid expenditure should always be assessed and the resulting benefits explained to the Australian people. Having been associated with the 1990 World Summit for Children and its Candlelight Vigils for Children beforehand, I have retained an interest in the long-term impacts of the Convention on the Rights of Child and action against childhood diseases around our world. So a slightly different form of evidence of what works on child immunization and poverty is available. It also identifies an important factor of long-term outcomes from aid expenditure, by assessing return on investment over an extended period of 20 years, taking it out of the short-term priorities of governments and funding bureaucrats: "Return On Investment From Immunization Against 10 Pathogens In 94 Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011–30" (Health Affairs,NO. 8 (2020): 1343–1353) - https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/epdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00103 Immunization included against measles, rubella, Japanaese encephalitis, hepatitis B and yellow fever. A key extract shows this financial impact and complements your example of anti-malaria bed nets: "Using the cost-of-illness approach, return on investment for one dollar invested in immunization against our ten pathogens was 26.1 for the ninety-four countries from 2011 to 2020 and 19.8 from 2021 to 2030. Using the value-of-a-statistical-life approach, return on investment was 51.0 from 2011 to 2020 and 52.2from 2021 to 2030." It concludes: "Potential users of ROI estimates could use either the cost-of-illness approach or the value-of-a-statistical-life approach according to their policy questions of interest. Insights from the ROI using the cost-of-illness approach will inform decisions that require consideration of the budgetary and macroeconomic aspects of immunization. In contrast, the value-of-a-statistical-life approach captures broader economic benefits of immunization beyond those attributable to wages and averted costs." This is a different form of assessing what works - especially in considering what works for ensuring children around our world are alive after five.

Unfortunately the government has not released up to date information.

I suggest you contact your government's Department of Labour or Employment Sending Unit to get the information on how to apply to work in Australia or New Zealand. However, it is up to the approved employer to choose the workers based on his or her understanding of the type of worker they need.

Just want to confirm from anyone who tell the people of Papua New Guinea about the lobbying system to elect a President or people to vote for President. This has never come down good to the people's minds and they clouded with doubts and needs further clarification.